Origem Portugal

 

Olive Lexicon

The olive tree has been cultivated in the Mediterranean for thousands of years and is deeply rooted in the region’s landscapes, culture and culinary traditions. But what makes an exceptional extra virgin olive oil? Which olive varieties are grown in Portugal and around the world? How does an olive tree grow and produce fruit, and how can you recognise the quality, flavour and characteristics of a good olive oil?

The Origem Portugal Olive Encyclopedia is your guide to the fascinating world of olives, olive trees and olive oil. Discover olive varieties, cultivation and harvesting methods, learn how extra virgin olive oil is produced, and explore the factors that shape its flavour, aroma and quality. Clearly explained and continuously expanded, our Olive Encyclopedia brings together practical knowledge and fascinating insights into the history, traditions and diversity of olives and olive oil.

A

Al-Badawi

AL-BADAWI OLIVE TREE

  • Estimated age: 4,000–5,000 years old
  • Bethlehem, Palestine
  • Revered locally as one of the oldest olive trees
  • Part of historic olive groves surrounding Bethlehem
  • The exact age is difficult to determine, as old olive trees are often hollow.

Antioxidants

Olives, and extra virgin olive oil in particular, are rich in natural antioxidants. These substances protect cells from oxidative stress and are associated with many health benefits.

1. POLYPHENOLS (MAIN GROUP)

  • These plant compounds often give high-quality olive oil its slightly bitter and peppery flavour.
  • Hydroxytyrosol → very strong antioxidant, well researched
  • Tyrosol → protects LDL cholesterol from oxidation
  • Oleuropein → especially in fresh olives, anti-inflammatory
  • Oleocanthal → acts similarly to a mild natural painkiller

Polyphenols are considered the most important health-promoting ingredients in olive oil.

2. VITAMIN E (TOCOPHEROLS)

  • Fat-soluble antioxidant
  • Protects cell membranes from damage
  • Supports skin and immune health

3. CAROTENOIDS

e.g. β-carotene and lutein

  • Contribute to the golden-green colour
  • Good for eyes and skin

Athena

GIFT FROM THE GODDESS ATHENA

The myth:

  • Poseidon gives the Athenians a horse.
  • Athena gives them the olive tree.
  • The people choose Athena → City of Athens.

The olive tree stood for:

  • Food
  • Oil
  • Wood
  • Light
  • Prosperity

Olympic Games:

Winners received a wreath made of olive branches.

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